What is the primary cause of COPD?

The primary cause of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is long-term exposure to irritants, particularly inhaled substances that damage the lungs and airways. This includes tobacco smoke, which is the most significant risk factor, as well as exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, and occupational dust. These irritants provoke an inflammatory response in the respiratory system, leading to the progressive lung damage characteristic of COPD. Over time, the repeated inflammation results in narrowing of the airways, destruction of lung tissue, and difficulty in breathing.

In contrast, while genetic mutations can play a role in certain types of lung diseases, they are not considered a primary cause of COPD for the majority of cases. Similarly, viral infections may contribute to acute exacerbations of COPD but are not responsible for the ongoing disease process. Allergies can affect some individuals but are not a direct cause of COPD, which is primarily an issue related to chronic exposure to harmful substances. Understanding these distinctions helps to clarify why long-term exposure to irritants stands out as the main causative factor for this condition.