What is pulmonary edema?

Pulmonary edema refers specifically to the accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue and air spaces, which can lead to difficulties in breathing and decreased oxygen exchange. This condition often results from various underlying issues such as heart problems that cause increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, leading to fluid leakage from the capillaries into the lung interstitium and alveoli. The presence of excess fluid hinders the normal function of the lungs, making it challenging for oxygen to enter the bloodstream and for carbon dioxide to be expelled.

Understanding pulmonary edema in this context is crucial. It is not a lung infection, nor does it involve bronchoconstriction or stem from a genetic condition. Each of these alternatives represents separate respiratory conditions with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Recognizing the correct definition of pulmonary edema allows for better identification and management of this potentially serious condition.